[Characteristics and Sources of Water Soluble Inorganic Ions in Fine Particulate Matter During Winter in Xuzhou].

A total of 32 daily PM samples were collected from December 2016 to February 2017 in the urban area of Xuzhou city. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSⅡs), including F, Cl, NO, SO, Na, Mg, NH, K and Ca, were determined by ion chromatography. The average mass concentration of PM was (164.8±77.3) μg·m and the average total mass concentration of the nine ions was (67.5±36.1) μg·m, the contribution of the WSⅡs to the PM was more than 40.9%. The order of the concentrations of individual ions was NO > SO > NH > Cl > Ca > K > Na > Mg > F. NH, NO, and SO (SNA) were the major components of the water-soluble ions in the PM measurement. The average mass concentration of WSⅡs in clean air, mild haze, and severe haze was (12.8±8.8), (59.0±22.8) and (86.3±36.0) μg·m, respectively. The contribution of SNA to WSⅡs was 86.4%, 82.8%, and 78.9%, respectively. The correlation between each component of SNA with each other was significant. NH, NO, and SO were in the form of (NH)SO and NHNO. Secondary formation, biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, and dust were the major sources of the water-soluble ions in PM.