Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a critical review of peer-reviewed literature over the last 5 years related to low virulent organisms associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). We evaluated the most common organisms, the diagnostic challenges, and the novel tools available in the perioperative workup of PJI as well as the current understanding of how biofilm potentiates the indolent clinical presentation and explore a possible shift in the surgical management of these patients.
Recent Findings: Biofilm actively prevents macrophage phagocytosis by suppressing proinflammatory activity through the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Given the appropriate host and organism conditions, increased utilization of one-stage exchange arthroplasty in the surgical treatment of these low virulent infections may be on the rise. Biomarkers and molecular techniques offer encouraging results to diagnose low virulent organisms and future research focused on the disruption of biofilm may ultimately give rise to improved treatment strategies.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12178-018-9503-2 | DOI Listing |
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