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LLMs, Truth, and Democracy: An Overview of Risks.
Sci Eng Ethics
January 2025
Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
While there are many public concerns about the impact of AI on truth and knowledge, especially when it comes to the widespread use of LLMs, there is not much systematic philosophical analysis of these problems and their political implications. This paper aims to assist this effort by providing an overview of some truth-related risks in which LLMs may play a role, including risks concerning hallucination and misinformation, epistemic agency and epistemic bubbles, bullshit and relativism, and epistemic anachronism and epistemic incest, and by offering arguments for why these problems are not only epistemic issues but also raise problems for democracy since they undermine its epistemic basis- especially if we assume democracy theories that go beyond minimalist views. I end with a short reflection on what can be done about these political-epistemic risks, pointing to education as one of the sites for change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContextualization of Diabetes: A Review of Reviews from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Countries.
Curr Diab Rep
January 2025
Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
Purpose Of Review: The prevalence of diabetes is rising around the world and represents an important public health concern. Unlike individual-level risk and protective factors related to the etiology of diabetes, contextual risk factors have been much less studied. Identification of contextual factors related to the risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries may help health professionals, researchers, and policymakers to improve surveillance, develop policies and programs, and allocate funding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessment of environmental impacts of heavy metal pollution in rice in Nanning, China.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
Nowadays rice has become one of the world's staple foods. Rice in southern China is also a staple food for everyone, however, with the development of China's industrialization model, many industrial areas may be contaminated by heavy metals, leading to contamination of the agricultural areas. With the development of recent years, Nanning has become a heavily industrial development area, and rice is also a favourite staple food.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredictors associated with time to default for HIV/AIDS patients under HAART at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital: a Cox regression model.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
The human immunodeficiency virus systematically undermines the immune system, which serves as our body's inherent safeguard against diseases. Currently, it is the most serious threat to public health. Ethiopia is among the countries with the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence, Diagnosis, and Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Collaborative Review.
Eur Urol
January 2025
Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK.
Background And Objective: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as any involuntary leakage of urine associated with physical activity, remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of SUI in women, drawing upon recent evidence-based literature and clinical guidelines.
Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE database was conducted to identify only the most up-to-date and relevant studies published up to February 26, 2024, including the reference ESTER systematic review.
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