Methods for Atomic Force Microscopy of Biological and Living Specimens.

Two main precautions must be taken into account to obtain high-resolution morphological and nanomechanical characterization of biological specimens with an atomic force microscope: the tip-sample interaction and the sample-substrate adhesion. In this chapter we discuss the necessary steps for a correct preparation of three types of biological samples: erythrocytes, bacteria, and osteoblasts. The main goal is to deliver reproducible protocols to produce good cellular adhesion and minimizing the morphological alterations of the specimens.