Mild exercise along with limb blood-flow restriction modulates the electrocardiogram, angiotensin, and apelin receptors of the heart in aging rats.

Objectives: Considering the lack of information, the effects of mild endurance exercise plus blood flow restriction (BFR) on electrocardiographic parameters, hypertrophy index, and expression of angiotensin II receptors type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) and apelin receptor (APJ) were assessed in hearts of old male rats.

Materials And Methods: Animal were grouped as control (CTL), Sham (Sh), lower extremities blood flow restriction (BFR), exercise (Ex), Sham + exercise (Sh + Ex), and blood flow restriction + exercise (BFR + Ex).

Results: Exercise plus BFR significantly decreased the corrected QT (QTc) interval (<0.01 vs CTL and Sh groups) and increased the heart hypertrophy index (<0.05 vs CTL and BFR groups). Exercise alone increased expression of the APJ (<0.01, vs CTL, Sh, and BFR groups) and AT2 receptors (<0.001, vs Sh, CTL, BFR, and BFR + exercise groups), whereas it reduced expression of AT1R (<0.01 in comparison with CTL, Sh, and BFR groups). Exercise plus BFR caused a significant increase in APJ (<0.05 vs Ex, Sh+Ex and <0.001 vs CTL, Sh, and BFR groups) and also expression of AT1R (<0.001 vs Ex, Sh + Ex, CTL, Sh, and <0.01 vs BFR groups). Accompaniment of exercise with BFR destroyed the effect of exercise on the expression of AT2R.

Conclusion: Mild endurance exercise plus BFR can alter the expression of angiotensin II and apelin receptors that leads to cardiac hypertrophy and improves the ventricular conductivity of aging rats.