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Implications of monoclonal gammopathy and isoelectric focusing pattern 5 on the free light chain kappa diagnostics in cerebrospinal fluid.
Clin Chem Lab Med
January 2025
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Objectives: Oligoclonal bands (OCB) analysis is the reference standard for detecting an intrathecal IgG synthesis. Alongside OCB, free light chains kappa (FLCκ) are considered an additional sensitive biomarker for determining patterns 2 or 3, indicating intrathecal Ig synthesis. However, kFLC IF is not suitable for detecting a monoclonal pattern 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOligoclonal bands.
Pract Neurol
September 2024
Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) represent the presence of intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) as detected by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysed alongside a paired serum sample gives five different immunofixation patterns. These are: type 1-the normal physiological state with no intrathecal IgG synthesis; type 2-evidence for intrathecal IgG synthesis, with CSF-restricted OCBs; type 3-evidence for intrathecal IgG synthesis, with CSF-restricted OCBs, but with additional, identical bands in the CSF and serum; type 4-absence of intrathecal IgG synthesis, but with identical OCBs in CSF and serum; and type 5-absence of intrathecal IgG synthesis, with a monoclonal band in CSF and serum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Currently, diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea relies on a multimodal approach, increasing costs and ultimately delaying diagnosis. In the United States and internationally, the crux of such a diagnosis relies on confirmation testing (via biomarkers) and localization (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy With Probable Crohn Encephalitis: A Case Report.
Clin Neuropharmacol
May 2024
Gastro-entero-hepatology, Mohammed VI University Medical Center, Marrakesh, Morocco.
Objectives: Metronidazole central nervous system toxicity is a rare finding in patients receiving the medication. We report a peculiar case of metronidazole central nervous system toxicity in which both the underlying condition (Crohn disease) and the drugs used to treat it are potential causes of encephalopathy.
Methods: A 26-year-old female with 6-year history of Crohn's disease for 6 years presented acute-onset encephalopathy.
Association of rheumatological markers with neuronal antibodies, cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 224 patients with psychotic syndromes.
Brain Behav Immun
July 2024
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address:
Introduction: Psychotic syndromes can have autoimmune-mediated causes in some patients. Thus, this retrospective work aims to investigate the role of rheumatological markers in the development of psychosis.
Patients And Methods: In total, 224 patients with psychotic syndromes receiving a "rheumatological laboratory screening" (including C-reactive protein [CRP], immunofixation, complement factors, rheumatoid factor [RF], antiphospholipid antibodies [APAs], antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies [ANCAs], and antinuclear antibodies [ANAs]) were analyzed.
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