Introduction: Tobacco-treatment specialists (TTSs) and high-quality TTS training programs are needed to improve access to evidence-based tobacco-dependence treatment. To meet this demand, the University of Massachusetts (UMass) Medical School developed the Train-the-Trainer in Tobacco Treatment (T4) program to build a cadre of trainers to deliver the accredited UMass TTS training programs. This paper reports on the feasibility and quality of TTS trainings led by Certified UMass TTS Trainers (Trainer-led) compared with trainings led by UMass staff (On-site).
Methods: Data were collected between September 2014 and June 2017. Feasibility included the number of Trainers, Trainer-led programs, and participants. Quality compared participant exam results and evaluations of the two training program types.
Results: Fifty-three Trainers were certified during 2014-2017, and conducted 26 TTS trainings with 351 participants. There were no significant differences in participant mean exam scores [On-site = 86.33 (SD = 7.83); Trainer-led = 86.15 (SD = 8.47)], and a similar percentage of participants obtained a passing score on the exam (On-site 94.4%, Trainer-led 94.0%). There were no significant differences in increased self-efficacy in delivering effective tobacco-treatment services [On-site = 2.92, Trainer-led = 2.93; p = .52 (3-point Likert scale, 1 = not at all, 3 = a great deal)] or in overall satisfaction with the training [On-site = 3.84; Trainer-led = 3.81; p = .072 (4-point Likert scale, 1 = very dissatisfied, 4 = very satisfied)].
Conclusions: The Trainer-led model expanded the number of UMass-trained TTSs with equivalent participant knowledge and perceived improvement in ability to deliver effective tobacco-dependence treatment compared with the gold-standard training model. It offers a potentially more accessible option for training TTSs compared with the On-site model.
Implications: Train-the-Trainer in Tobacco Treatment (T4) has increased the capacity to deliver high-quality training to healthcare providers who might not otherwise have access to an accredited TTS training program. Certified Trainers effectively identified potential participants and delivered training that was equivalent in quality to the standard UMass TTS Core Training program. There were no significant differences between the training models in two critical measures: (1) participant exam scores and (2) participants' rating of improvement in their ability to deliver effective tobacco-dependence treatment. Organizations can now choose from two equally effective models for delivering TTS training based on their unique needs and training populations.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Ethnic Language Intelligent Analysis and Security Governance of MOE, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) has evolved from cascade systems which integrate Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Machine Translation (MT), and Text-to-Speech (TTS), to end-to-end models. This evolution has been driven by advancements in model performance and the expansion of cross-lingual speech datasets. Despite the paucity of research on Tibetan speech translation, this paper endeavors to tackle the challenge of Tibetan-to-Chinese direct speech-to-speech translation within the multi-task learning framework, employing self-supervised learning (SSL) and sequence-to-sequence model training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mol Cell Cardiol
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250031, PR China. Electronic address:
Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) primarily manifests as a cardiomyopathy induced by physical or emotional stress, remains a poorly understood condition with no established treatments. In this study, we investigated the potential of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) to increase the survival of TTS patients and reduce inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in experimental models.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether sac/val could improve survival rates in TTS patients, mitigate cardiac remodeling in vivo, and explore its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic mechanisms in vitro.
Cancer Med
January 2025
Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition therapies have provided remarkable results in numerous metastatic cancers, including mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). To evaluate the potential for PD-1 blockade therapy in a large population-based cohort, we analyzed the tumor microenvironment and reviewed the clinical data and actualized treatment of all dMMR CRCs in Central Finland province between 2000 and 2015.
Material And Methods: Of 1343 CRC patients, 171 dMMR tumors were identified through immunohistochemical screening.
Nat Med
January 2025
Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, with Med-PaLM being the first to exceed a 'passing' score in United States Medical Licensing Examination style questions. However, challenges remain in long-form medical question answering and handling real-world workflows. Here, we present Med-PaLM 2, which bridges these gaps with a combination of base LLM improvements, medical domain fine-tuning and new strategies for improving reasoning and grounding through ensemble refinement and chain of retrieval.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsian J Endosc Surg
January 2025
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Many institutions perform thoracoscopic surgery for pediatric extrapulmonary sequestration (EPS). This approach achieves good cosmetic outcomes due to the small skin incision in comparison to open surgery. However, an extension or additional incision is sometimes necessary to extract resected specimens from the thoracic cavity, which reduces the advantages of this procedure.
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