["Dear Max, how much we are one, I was only clearly aware the day after leaving my last letter to you." Max Horkheimer and Karl Landauer as the first psychoanalyst at the Frank­furt Institute for Social Research].

The Frankfurt School is known to be the first institution in Germany that in 1929 has officially related psychoanalysis to a university. The most important person in this process was Karl Landauer. With him Fromm, Horkheimer and others completed their training analyzes, he decisively worked in the Institute and the first volumes of the Journal of Social Research. Landauer and Horkheimer regularly ex­change information in the time of emigration and discuss their texts together. Landauer is also responsible for the reception of psychoanalysis in Horkheimer’s further programs he writes for the Institute, as in his programmatic essay "Egoism and freedom-movement" from 1936. When he was murdered in concentration camp in 1945, it was a great per­sonal and theoretical loss for Horkheimer which he hardly could overcome. Also the known dispute between Adorno and Fromm at the Institute for Social Research has as a backbone an old rivalry between the psychoanalytic institutes from Berlin and Frankfurt, which is exacerbated during the emigration and the Gleichschaltung in fascist Germany.