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Brief communication: gaps and opportunities in HIV research in Venezuela.
AIDS Res Ther
January 2025
Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela.
Over the past decade, Venezuela has experienced a political and economic crisis that has affected the country's scientific research development. Currently, the state of HIV research in Venezuela remains unknown. We conducted a systematic review identifying 683 articles over the last 20 years of which only 101 met our inclusion criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlphaviral genetic background of self-amplifying RNA enhances protein expression and immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 antigen.
Mol Ther
December 2024
Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T1Z4. Electronic address:
Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vectors are a next-generation RNA technology that extends the expression of heterologous genes. Clinical trials have shown the dose-sparing capacity of saRNA vectors in a vaccine context compared to conventional messenger RNA. However, saRNA vectors have historically been based on a limited number of alphaviruses, and only the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based saRNA vaccines have been used clinically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFnsP2 Protease Inhibitor Blocks the Replication of New World Alphaviruses and Offer Protection in Mice.
ACS Infect Dis
January 2025
Chemistry and Biotechnology Science and Engineering Program, College of Science, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States.
New World alphaviruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), are mosquito-transmitted viruses that cause disease in humans. These viruses are endemic to the western hemisphere, and disease in humans may lead to encephalitis and long-term neurological sequelae. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral therapeutics available for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by these viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurological manifestations of encephalitic alphaviruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agent exposure.
Front Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Encephalitic alphaviruses (EEVs), Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), and organophosphorus nerve agents (NAs) are three diverse biological, physical, and chemical injuries that can lead to long-term neurological deficits in humans. EEVs include Venezuelan, eastern, and western equine encephalitis viruses. This review describes the current understanding of neurological pathology during these three conditions, provides a comparative review of case studies vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCellular takeover: How new world alphaviruses impact host organelle function.
Virology
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. Electronic address:
Alphavirus replication is dependent on host cell organelles to facilitate multiple steps of the viral life cycle. New world alphaviruses (NWA) consisting of eastern, western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are a subgroup of alphaviruses associated with central nervous system disease. Despite differing morbidity and mortality amongst these viruses, all are important human pathogens due to their transmission through viral aerosolization and mosquito transmission.
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