Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Interconnection layers (ICLs) for polymer tandem solar cells reported so far are limited in materials' choice and layer structure, because of a requirement that the ICLs must prevent the penetration of solvents used for the top cells. In this research, it is demonstrated that depositing the active layer of the top subcell using a dry thin-film transfer technique allows for incorporation of an ICL composed of vacuum deposited materials in a polymer tandem cell, providing a large degree of freedom in ICL design. Specifically, a polymer tandem solar cell was fabricated using an ICL composed of bathocuproine:silver/silver islands/1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (BCP:Ag/Ag islands/HAT-CN), where the thicknesses of the BCP:Ag and Ag island layers are precisely controlled at the nanoscale to facilitate the transport of electrons generated in the bottom subcell and to ensure their efficient recombination with holes generated in the top subcell. Consequently, the tandem device featuring the optimized ICL, whose active layers are composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) and poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCPDTBT:PC71BM), exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 1.20 V, which is equal to the sum of the open-circuit voltages of the two subcells, with a fill factor (FF) of 0.60 almost identical to the FFs of the subcells.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00292d | DOI Listing |
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