There is a growing consensus among citizens and members of local government that citizen participation is desirable for local government. However in practice, there are differing perceptions between them regarding the level and extent of citizen participation. As citizen participation is a multi faceted concept, its meaning is construed differently by both the members of local government and the citizen groups. This paper attempts to describe the conflicts that arise from participation. The paper is based on the study of the process of citizen participation in local government carried out in Torbat-Heydarieh city, Iran. A qualitative research method is seen as the most suitable approach of collecting and analyzing the data. The method employed for data collection in this research is in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted to gauge the existence of conflicts regarding participation. The findings reveal four areas that give rise to conflicts. This study also attempts to highlight two different views regarding citizen participation; the people-centered view and authority-centered view.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0565-9 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Spain.
Considering a universal deep neural network organized as a series of nested qubit rotations, accomplished by adjustable data re-uploads we analyze its expressivity. This ability to approximate continuous functions in regression tasks is quantified making use of a partial Fourier decomposition of the generated output and systematically benchmarked with the aid of a teacher-student scheme. While the maximal expressive power increases with the depth of the network and the number of qubits, it is fundamentally bounded by the data encoding mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) associated with their symbiotic bacteria can effectively kill insect pests, in agriculture, forestry and floriculture. Industrial-scale production techniques for EPNs have been established, including solid and liquid monoculture systems. It is found that supplement of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Allergy Clin Immunol Glob
February 2025
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disease resulting from an overactive type 2 response to . Initial studies suggest that asthma biologics can effectively treat ABPA, but it is unclear which biologic class is superior.
Objective: We sought to compare the effectiveness of asthma biologics in the treatment of ABPA.
Alzheimers Res Ther
December 2024
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Background: Although separate lines of research indicated a moderating role of sex in both sleep-wake disruption and in the interindividual vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related processes, the quantification of sex differences in the interplay between sleep-wake dysregulation and AD pathology remains critically overlooked. Here, we examined sex-specific associations between circadian rest-activity patterns and AD-related pathophysiological processes across the adult lifespan.
Methods: Ninety-two cognitively unimpaired adults (mean age = 59.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act
December 2024
The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 18, International Towers 3, 300 Barangaroo Ave, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
Background: Online grocery shopping is a growing source of food purchases in many countries. We investigated the effect of nudging consumers towards purchases of lower sodium products using a web browser extension.
Methods: This trial was conducted among individuals with hypertension who shopped for their groceries online in Australia.
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