Background: Since its discovery in the early 1980s, has been linked to a variety of gastric and extragastric diseases. Chronic infection with causes histologically evident gastritis in all colonized individuals and is the predominant risk factor for gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric adenocarcinoma. However, increasingly robust experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that may at the same time be beneficial to its carriers, as it efficiently prevents allergic disorders and chronic inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize and document the latest evidence for a possible inverse association of infection status and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as provided in both experimental and human observational studies. The pathogenesis of IBDs, the available mouse models for these diseases and the dual role of in health and disease are presented in dedicated chapters.
Summary And Key Messages: Almost all available epidemiological data suggest that infection is inversely associated with both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis in European, Asian as well as American populations; large meta-analyses reviewing 30 original articles or more document that this inverse association is especially strong in CD patients and in children and young adults. Experimental data available from various mouse models of IBD confirm that live infection as well as treatment with immunomodulatory molecules of reduce clinical and histopathological IBD symptoms. Various proposed mechanisms involving the tolerization of dendritic cells, the production of protective cytokines and the preferential induction and differentiation of regulatory T-cells are presented. The implications of the beneficial aspects of the -host interaction for eradication decisions, as well as potential new therapeutic options in the treatment of IBD are discussed in this review.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000445985 | DOI Listing |
Br J Hosp Med (Lond)
January 2025
The Cardiology Department of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Research evidence has demonstrated a significant association between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and atrial fibrillation (AF), but the causality and pattern of this link remain unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated the causal relationship between HCM and AF using a two-sample and bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Additionally, this assessed the role of cardiovascular proteins (CPs) associated with cardiovascular diseases between HCM and AF by applying a two-step MR analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Hosp Med (Lond)
January 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Epidemiological studies indicate that the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of infections associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains unclear. This study aims to assess the potential causal link between infections associated with COPD, asthma, or ILD and immune system function. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtif Organs
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. End-ischemic hypothermic machine perfusion (EI-HMP) has emerged as a promising method for preserving grafts before transplantation. This study aimed to compare graft function recovery in KT recipients of deceased brain-death (DBD) grafts preserved with EI-HMP versus static cold storage (SCS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
December 2024
Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
The determinants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load remain incompletely understood and may differ in females, who are relatively protected from the consequences of HCV infection during their reproductive years. We aimed to evaluate how age affects the relationship between sex and viral load. = 922 patients (males = 497, median age 62 years), all naïve to direct antiviral agents, were studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Background: Although several studies have demonstrated a link between obesity and cognitive function, the majority have primarily utilized body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, ignoring the distribution of body fat. Evidence regarding the association of metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), a proposed measurement for visceral adipose tissue (VAT), with cognitive function remains limited. We mainly aimed to investigate this association in older adults in the United States.
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