In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) as metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in industry, agriculture, personal care products, cosmetics, sun protection and toothpaste, electronics, foodstuffs and food packaging. This use of nano-TiO has been associated with environmental toxicity concerns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of different doses of TiO NPs (∼30-40 nm) (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10 and 50 mg/L) at 4oC for 3 h on the sperm cell kinematics as velocities of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) sperm cells. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (total glutathione (TGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed in sperm cells after exposure to TiO NPs. According to the obtained results, there were statistically significant (P < 0.05) decreasing in the velocities of sperm cells after 10 mg/L TiO NPs and an increase the activity of SOD (P < 0.05) and TGSH levels were determined.
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