This study was designed to clarify the chemical constituents in Yuanhu Zhitong prescription (YHZT), a rapid high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF/MS) method was established. Based on the high resolution MS spectra data, fragment ion information, reference standards data and literature reports, 51 peaks including 28 alkaloid compounds and 23 coumarin compounds were identified. The chemical constituents in YHZT were rapidly, accurately, systematically analyzed. The results lay a foundation for the quality control of effective compounds of YHZT.
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Rev Neurosci
January 2025
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
Essentially, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a line of demarcation between neural tissues and the bloodstream. A unique and protective characteristic of the blood-brain barrier is its ability to maintain cerebral homeostasis by regulating the flux of molecules and ions. The inability to uphold proper functioning in any of these constituents leads to the disruption of this specialized multicellular arrangement, consequently fostering neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicol Pathol
January 2025
Premier Laboratory, LLC, Longmont, Colorado, USA.
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a suitable approach for detecting substantial structural changes in neural tissues but is less sensitive for identifying subtle alterations to subcellular structures and various chemical constituents, including myelin. Neurohistological methods to better evaluate myelin integrity by light microscopy include acidophilic dyes (eg, eriochrome cyanine R, toluidine blue [used with hard plastic sections]); lipoprotein-binding dyes (eg, Luxol fast blue [LFB], Weil's iron hematoxylin); lipid impregnation with metals (eg, Marchi's, which uses osmium tetroxide for en bloc staining before embedding); and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods to highlight various antigens (eg, myelin basic protein [MBP] and peripheral myelin protein 22 [PMP22]). Some IHC methods reveal enhanced marker expression in damaged myelin (eg, matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP9], S100).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Toxicol
January 2025
Benchmark Risk Group, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Hair relaxers are predominantly used by Black women in the United States. It has been recently suggested that exposure to potential endocrine-disrupting compounds from the use of these products may be associated with the development of gynecological and breast cancers and anatomically relevant nonmalignancies. We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed to identify original studies reporting measures of association between hair relaxer use and relevant adverse outcomes, focusing specifically on Black women in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nat Med
January 2025
Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
Two new cerebrosides, raphimanosides A (1) and B (2), and a new ceramide, raphimanide (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Raphidiocystis mannii Hook. f., along with ten known compounds (4-13).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFitoterapia
January 2025
New Drug Research and Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China. Electronic address:
In this study, the chemical constituents of branch bark and root bark of Morus alba L. were first qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. A total of 40 compounds were identified, including 20 flavonoids, 3 stilbenes, 1 phenolic acid, 1 alkaloid, 5 arylbenzofurans and 10 Diels-Alder adducts.
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