Efferent neurons in isolated pedal ganglia of the pteropodial mollusc Clione limacina were filled with Lucifer Yellow through the wing nerves. Then the ganglia were illuminated with intense blue light which resulted in the complete inactivation of these neurons. After inactivation of efferent neurons, interneurons of the pedal ganglia continued to generate the locomotor rhythm.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237680 | DOI Listing |
Exp Brain Res
January 2025
Dept. of Neurosurgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used for many years to study the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Based on single- or dual-pulse TMS and EMG and/or single motor unit (MU) recordings, many groups have described a loss of central inhibition as an early marker of ALS dysfunction, reflecting a state of cortical 'hyperexcitability'. This conclusion is not without its detractors, however, leading us to reexamine this issue using 4-pulse TMS, shown previously to be more effective for testing central motor pathway functional integrity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland.
Previously, boost and sag effects seen in unfused tetanic contractions have been studied exclusively at constant stimulation frequency. However, intervals between successive discharges of motoneurons vary during voluntary movements. We therefore aimed to test whether the extra-efficient force production at the onset of contraction (boost) occurs during stimulation with variable intervals, and to what extent it depends on the level of interpulse interval (IPI) variability and history of stimulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Exposure to loud and/or prolonged noise damages cochlear hair cells and triggers downstream changes in synaptic and electrical activity in multiple brain regions, resulting in hearing loss and altered speech comprehension. It remains unclear however whether or not noise exposure also compromises the cochlear efferent system, a feedback pathway in the brain that fine-tunes hearing sensitivity in the cochlea. We examined the effects of noise-induced hearing loss on the spontaneous action potential (AP) firing pattern in mouse lateral olivocochlear (LOC) neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Genet
January 2025
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States of America.
Motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and progressive bulbar palsy, involve loss of muscle control resulting from death of motor neurons. Although the exact pathogenesis of these syndromes remains elusive, many are caused by genetically inherited mutations. Thus, it is valuable to identify additional genes that can impact motor neuron survival and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
The retrosplenial cortex (RSP) is a complex brain region with multiple interconnected subregions that plays crucial roles in various cognitive functions, including memory, spatial navigation, and emotion. Understanding the afferent and efferent connectivity of the RSP is essential for comprehending the underlying mechanisms of its functions. Here, via viral tracing and fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST), we systematically investigated the anatomical organisation of the upstream and downstream circuits of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the dorsal and ventral RSP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!