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Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness and coverage among children younger than 5 years old in Shanghai, China: A test-negative case control study.
Vaccine
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Objectives: The number of post-marketing studies assessing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR, licensed in 2000 exclusively in China) and the oral human attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, licensed in China in 2018) in China is limited.
Methods: A test-negative case-control study based on prospective surveillance was conducted among diarrhea patients aged 5 years and younger at five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Cases and controls were defined based on the results of real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of fecal samples for rotavirus.
Evaluation of Integrated Child Health Days as a Catch-Up Strategy for Immunization in Three Districts in Uganda.
Vaccines (Basel)
November 2024
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Global Health Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Uganda's Integrated Child Health Day (ICHD) initiative aims to improve children's access to vaccinations. Although widely used as a catch-up vaccination strategy, the effectiveness of the ICHD program in increasing immunization coverage, especially among vulnerable populations, has not been recently evaluated. This study assessed the reach and uptake of ICHD for immunizations in Uganda.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRisk of Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Rotavirus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit That Routinely Vaccinates.
Pediatrics
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Background And Objectives: Many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) do not give rotavirus vaccines to inpatients due to a theoretical risk of horizontal transmission of vaccine strains. We aimed to determine incidence and clinical significance of vaccine-strain transmission to unvaccinated infants in a NICU that routinely administers pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5).
Methods: This prospective cohort study included all patients admitted to a 100-bed NICU for 1 year.
The Apparent Lack of the Risk of Intussusception Immediately After Rotavirus Vaccination Among Japanese Infants.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita-shi 010-8543, Japan.
Rotavirus vaccines carry a small risk of intussusception mainly 1-7 days after vaccination in the United States of America, Europe, Australia, and Latin America where the background rate of intussusception is relatively low. Such risks are undetectable in Africa and India where the background rate is the lowest. Because few studies were carried out in high-background-rate countries such as Japan, we examined how intussusception occurred in infants living in Akita prefecture, Japan, while the vaccines were sold in the private market.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating the Compatibility of Three Aluminum Salt-Adjuvanted Recombinant Protein Antigens (Trivalent NRRV) Combined with a Mock Trivalent Sabin-IPV Vaccine: Analytical and Formulation Challenges.
Vaccines (Basel)
September 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
In this work, we describe compatibility assessments of a recombinant, trivalent non-replicating rotavirus vaccine (t-NRRV) candidate with a mock trivalent Sabin inactivated polio vaccine (t-sIPV). Both t-sIPV and t-NRRV are incompatible with thimerosal (TH), a preservative commonly used in pediatric pentavalent combination vaccines (DTwP-Hib-HepB) distributed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), preventing the development of a heptavalent combination. The compatibility of t-NRRV with a mock DTwP-Hib-HepB formulation is described in a companion paper.
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