Impact of out-stent plaque characteristics on vascular response after second generation drug-eluting stent implantation: iMAP-intravascular ultrasound and angioscopic study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the impact of out-stent plaque characteristics on vascular response after implantation of second generation drug-eluting stent (G2-DES).

Methods: Enrolled were 37 patients with 39 coronary artery lesions into which three types of G2-DES were successfully implanted (9 Nobori biolimus-, BES; 15 Xience everolimus-, EES; 15 Resolute zotarolimus-eluting stents; R-ZES). Immediately after (baseline) and one year after the implantation (follow-up), iMAP-intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed to measure out-stent plaque volume (OSPV) and its components. Percent OSPV and vulnerable plaque index (VPI) were defined as percentile of OSPV to vessel volume and as percentile of lipidic plus necrotic volume to OSPV. Coronary angioscopy at follow-up rated the degree of arterial repair by neointimal stent coverage (NSC).

Results: Poor NSC was found in approximately 60% of each G2-DES. In BES, % OSPV at baseline was significantly greater in poor NSC than in good NSC (36.2 ± 3.9 vs. 27.3 ± 4.0%, P = 0.01). In EES, %OSPV was significantly greater in poor NSC than in good NSC (41.0 ± 4.1 vs. 32.6 ± 2.7%, P < 0.01). In R-ZES implantation, there was no significant difference with regards to %OSPV between poor and good NSC. In BES, VPI at baseline was significantly greater in poor NSC than good NSC (54.0 ± 5.8 vs. 42.2 ± 5.1%, P = 0.02). There was no significant difference with regards to VPI between poor and good NCS in EES and R-ZES.

Conclusions: Impact of out-stent plaque characteristics on vascular response was different among the three types of G2-DES.