This is Part II of a review covering the wide range of issues associated with all aspects of the use and responsible disposal of foam and plastic wastes containing toxic or potentially toxic flame retardants. We identify basic and applied research needs in the areas of responsible collection, pretreatment, processing, and management of these wastes. In Part II, we explore alternative technologies for the management of halogenated flame retardant (HFR) containing wastes, including chemical, mechanical, and thermal processes for recycling, treatment, and disposal.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2017.0380 | DOI Listing |
Environ Pollut
January 2025
Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan. Electronic address:
The first comprehensive analysis of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), including 209 full congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 26 organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), 41 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and four other brominated flame retardants (BFRs), was performed on surface mangrove sediments from Bintan Island, Province of the Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. Among the measured HOC contaminants, the mean concentration of ∑PCBs (2.3±0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Electronic address:
In recent years, bio-based flame retardants have gained significant attention as sustainable alternatives, achieving important breakthroughs in flame retardancy and becoming a key focus for future development. Derived from biomass, chitosan (CS) has been widely used in the field of advanced functional materials. However, in the field of flame retardancy, chitosan alone shows limited effectiveness, leading researchers to explore its reactive functional groups for creating multifunctional flame retardant chitosan composites (FRCC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
The durability and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics have been the focus of long-term research. In this paper, a method for preparing flame retardants through the direct modification of biomass was proposed, and the durable flame retardant of homologous cottonseed meal modified biomass flame retardants for cotton fabrics was achieved through biomass composition analysis and modeling. In this study, a cottonseed meal-phosphoric acid-boric acid synergistic bio-based flame retardant (CPB) was synthesized and characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
December 2024
Deptartment of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, HZ 2629, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) are ubiquitous in biological wastewater treatment (WWT) technologies like activated sludge systems, biofilm reactors, and granular sludge systems. EPS recovery from sludge potentially offers a high-value material for the industry. It can be utilized as a coating in slow-release fertilizers, as a bio-stimulant, as a binding agent in building materials, for the production of flame retarding materials, and more.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
Polymeric materials featuring excellent flame retardancy are essential for applications requiring high levels of fire safety, while those based on biopolymers are highly favored due to their eco-friendly nature, sustainable characteristics, and abundant availability. This review first outlines the pyrolysis behaviors of biopolymers, with particular emphasis on naturally occurring ones derived from non-food sources such as cellulose, chitin/chitosan, alginate, and lignin. Then, the strategies for chemical modifications of biopolymers for flame-retardant purposes through covalent, ionic, and coordination bonds are presented and compared.
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