Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Molecular Technology in the Food Industry, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. Electronic address:
Published: September 2018
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
A hydrothermal microwave pretreatment was established to facilitate the enzymatic production of soluble bioactive β-1,3-glucans from the recalcitrant substrate paramylon. The efficacy of this pretreatment was monitored with a newly developed direct Congo Red dye-based assay over a range of temperatures. Microwave pretreatment at 170 °C for 2 min resulted in a significantly enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of paramylon. The action of endo-β-1,3- and exo- β-1,3-glucanases on the microwave-pretreated paramylon produced soluble β-1,3-glucans with degrees of polymerisation (DP) ranging from 2-59 and 2-7, respectively. In comparison, acid-mediated hydrolysis of untreated paramylon resulted in β-1,3-glucans with a DP range of 2-38. The hydrolysates were assayed on their immunostimulatory effect on murine macrophages by measuring the production of the inflammation-linked marker tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) using immunofluorescence. All of the tested hydrolysis products were shown to induce TNFα production, with the most significant immunostimulatory effect observed with the hydrolysate from the exo-β-1,3-glucanase treatment.
Adenomyosis is a commonly encountered pathology in women of reproductive age and frequently coexists with infertility. The effect of adenomyosis on fertility, particularly on fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes, is not well understood. Various pretreatment modalities have been used to improve pregnancy rates and live birth outcomes; however, because of a lack of high-quality evidence, there is no clear consensus on the best pretreatment option.
Heat pretreatment plays a crucial role in affecting the quality, colour and aroma of camellia oil during the extraction process. This study aimed to investigate the effects of steaming, stir-frying, roasting, microwave and infrared treatment on the flavour and physicochemical quality of camellia seeds. The results indicated that, compared with unpretreated samples, the heat-pretreated ones exhibited increased oil content and browning degree, imparting a caramel colour with toasty and nutty flavours.
Background: Colon cancer (CC) is the main fatal disease of humans. Microwave hyperthermia (MH) is an adjuvant therapy for diverse cancers. Tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein-8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a tumor suppressor.
The present study was aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound pretreatment and different drying methods viz sun drying, solar drying, cabinet drying, vacuum drying, microwave assisted drying and freeze drying on physicochemical, phytochemical activity, rehydration ratio and drying time of the purslane. The purslane was ultrasonicated for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min following by drying. The ultrasound pretreatment (60 min) combined with freeze drying retained the highest antioxidants (95.
Life cycle assessment of a technology is the key to technological development in the context of sustainable development. Orchard waste has been identified as a potential source of bioplastics. The objective of this study was to conduct a life cycle assessment of two specific bioplastic materials, namely, L-polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB).
