As many devices for human utility aim for fast and convenient communication with users, superb electronic devices are demonstrated to serve as hardware for human-machine interfaces in wearable forms. Wearable devices for daily healthcare and self-diagnosis offer more human-like properties unconstrained by deformation. In this sense, stretchable ionics based on flexible and stretchable hydrogels are on the rise as another means to develop wearable devices for bioapplications for two main reasons: i) ionic currents and choosing the same signal carriers for biological areas, and ii) the adoption of hydrogel ionic conductors, which are intrinsically stretchable materials with biocompatibility. Here, the current status of stretchable ionics and future applications are introduced, whose positive effects can be magnified by stretchable ionics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201704403 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
January 2025
College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China. Electronic address:
In recent years, conductive gel materials have attracted extensive attention in the field of flexible electronics because of their excellent elasticity. When constructed as gel fibers, they can adapt to greater deformation, be woven, and be assembled with fabrics to make wearable smart devices without compromising comfort. However, gel fibers reported often exhibit insufficient mechanical properties and poor adaptability to different environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGels
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
Protein-based hydrogels with stretchability and conductivity have potential applications in wearable electronic devices. However, the development of protein-based biocomposite hydrogels is still limited. In this work, we used natural ferritin to develop a PVA/ferritin biocomposite hydrogel by a repetitive freeze-thaw method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
March 2025
College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:
To achieve the green and sustainable development of environment, biocompatible hydrogels with exceptional ionic conductivity and flexibility are highly desired for intelligent and wearable sensors. However, it remains a great challenge to obtain biopolymer hydrogel-based sensors with high transparency, excellent mechanical properties, and good adhesion ability simultaneously. Herein, starch/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel is achieved to endow the multifunctionality of traditional hydrogel sensor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address:
Hydrogel-based flexible electronic devices have garnered significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, and signal sensitivity. Nevertheless, internal water molecules crystallize inevitably at low temperatures, impairing the performance of hydrogels. Designing anti-freezing and tough hydrogels to meet long-term stability requirements is extremely challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:
Hydrogel-based bioelectronic systems offer significant benefits for point-of-care diagnosis, treatment of cardiac and cerebral disease, surgical procedures, and other medical applications, ushering in a new era of advancements in medical technology. Progress in hydrogel-based bioelectronics has advanced from basic instrument and sensing capabilities to sophisticated multimodal perceptions and feedback systems. Addressing challenges related to immune responses and inflammation regulation after implantation, physiological dynamic mechanism, biological toxicology as well as device size, power consumption, stability, and signal conversion is crucial for the practical implementation of hydrogel-based bioelectronics in medical implants.
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