The Venusian atmosphere is in a state of superrotation where prevailing westward winds move much faster than the planet's rotation. Venus is covered with thick clouds that extend from about 45 to 70 km altitude, but thermal radiation emitted from the lower atmosphere and the surface on the planet's night-side escapes to space at narrow spectral windows of near-infrared. The radiation can be used to estimate winds by tracking the silhouettes of clouds in the lower and middle cloud regions below about 57 km in altitude. Estimates of wind speeds have ranged from 50 to 70 m/s at low- to mid-latitudes, either nearly constant across latitudes or with winds peaking at mid-latitudes. Here we report the detection of winds at low latitude exceeding 80 m/s using IR2 camera images from the Akatsuki orbiter taken during July and August 2016. The angular speed around the planetary rotation axis peaks near the equator, which we suggest is consistent with an equatorial jet, a feature that has not been observed previously in the Venusian atmosphere. The mechanism producing the jet remains unclear. Our observations reveal variability in the zonal flow in the lower and middle cloud region that may provide new challenges and clues to the dynamics of Venus's atmospheric superrotation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3016 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Ther Sci
January 2025
Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Science, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare: 501 Nakaoorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan.
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Department of Physical Education and Sport Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Pediatric Rheumatology Department, Hospital Para El Niño Poblano, Puebla, Mexico.
A female patient in middle childhood was diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta at one month of age and underwent a successful cortectomy. At 11 years old, she developed re-coarctation, which was managed through interventional cardiology. Shortly after the procedure, she experienced a sudden and severe clinical decline, presenting with hypoperfusion of the lower extremities, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute kidney injury, and pancreatitis.
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Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China.
Unlabelled: Increasing planting density is one of the most important strategies for generating higher maize yields. Moderate leaf rolling decreases mutual shading of leaves and increases the photosynthesis of the population and hence increases the tolerance for high-density planting. Few genes that control leaf rolling in maize have been identified, however, and their applicability for breeding programs remains unclear.
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