Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide, and exists diverse physiological functions such as a cell protection, anti-inflammation, and neuronal proliferation and differentiation. There are many evidences that PACAP contributes to the neuronal developmental processes during embryonic periods and after the birth, and that PACAP is involved in the development in ectodermal origin including nervous system. However, few evidences have been reported that PACAP contributes to the development of the other germ layer. In here, we introduced our recent study that PACAP was involved in the hematopoiesis. Moreover, we have showed prospective functions of PACAP on the homeostatic and pathological conditions through the autonomic nerve innervation.
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