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A 53-year-old woman was hospitalized due to a fever of unknown origin for three weeks. Given the presence of fever and fatigue, the laboratory findings, and a bone marrow biopsy confirming hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a hematological malignancy was suspected. Peripheral lymphocytic typing, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging could not identify an underlying cause of HLH.

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Abstract: Chediak Higashi syndrome (CHS), a rare form of autosomal recessive disorder has been reported globally in less than 500 cases over the past two decades. It clinically manifests as repeated episodes of infection, haemorrhagic sequelae, partial albinism, photosensitivity and late neurological signs (neuropathy, cognitive impairment etc). The pathognomonic morphological finding is the presence of abnormally large intra-cytoplasmic granules, particularly in leucocytes.

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Article Synopsis
  • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe inflammatory condition often triggered by viral infections, with visceral leishmaniasis being a rare but significant cause, especially in tropical regions.
  • A 15-month-old girl showed symptoms of HLH, including fever, weight loss, and enlarged liver and spleen, with lab tests revealing signs of anemia and possible Leishmania infection.
  • Diagnosing HLH related to visceral leishmaniasis is challenging, and careful treatment is necessary to avoid masking symptoms of infections or malignancies; resistance to standard treatments like amphotericin B is also a concern.
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In the treatment of coronavirus infections, it is important not only to understand the course of the disease, but also to understand what is happening in the human body, especially in the circulatory system, that is, which disorders lead to deterioration and further complications. Hemostasis disorder in COVID-19 plays an important role in the etiology and clinical manifestations of the disease. The ability to identify factors and risk groups for the development of thrombotic complications, the ability to dynamically interpret peripheral blood parameters and coagulograms, knowledge of diagnostic criteria for possible hemostasis disorders (for example, DIC syndrome, sepsis-associated coagulopathy, antiphospholipids, hemophagocytosis and hypercoagulation syndrome) are necessary to determine the indications for the test.

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