Solvent-free and one-pot synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles: Activity toward cell membrane component and insulin signaling pathway in experimental diabetes.

Objective: To investigate and compare between the effect of both silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on insulin signaling pathway and insulin sensitivity in experimental diabetes. Preparation of AgNPs and ZnONPs in their solid state were carried out using pullulan (Natural polymer) as both reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of these nanoparticles in a large scale were carried out without using any solvents. The experimental male albino rats received diluted solutions of AgNPs and ZNONPs. After the experimental period, blood was withdrawn; erythrocyte membrane lipids were extracted and fatty acids were determined by HPLC. Oxidant, antioxidant profile and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK) were estimated.

Results: It was observed that the as synthesized AgNPs and ZnONPs have nearly spherical shape with small size due to the stabilization effect of pullulan as proved by UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), Transmission electron microscy (TEM) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Zeta potential, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The average hydrodynamic size of the formed AgNPs was 15 nm which is considered as very small size when compared with that of ZnONPs (above 50 nm). Fasting blood sugar was significantly increased in diabetic group along with elevation of MDA and DNA damage indicating the oxidative properties of streptozotocin. Whereas, the treatment with nanoparticles significantly attenuated these elevations.

Conclusion: AgNPs and ZnONPs represent promising materials in attenuating diabetic complications and insulin resistance in experimental diabetes; no Impressive differences were observed between the effect of ZnONPs and AgNPs in this current research.