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Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Chromosome Instability Drives Permanent and Heritable Numerical and Structural Changes and a DNA Repair-Deficient Phenotype. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is linked to cancer through its ability to cause chromosome instability (CIN) and disrupt DNA repair mechanisms in human lung cells.
  • - In an experiment, human lung cells underwent repeated 24-hour exposures to Cr(VI), leading to the development of clonal cell lines that showed both DNA repair deficiencies and centrosome amplification, indicating changes in their genetic stability.
  • - Over three exposures, cells exhibited permanent genetic alterations, including abnormal chromosomes and heritable defects in DNA repair, supporting the idea that CIN plays a key role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.

Article Abstract

A key hypothesis for how hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] causes cancer is that it drives chromosome instability (CIN), which leads to neoplastic transformation. Studies show chronic Cr(VI) can affect DNA repair and induce centrosome amplification, which can lead to structural and numerical CIN. However, no studies have considered whether these outcomes are transient or permanent. In this study, we exposed human lung cells to particulate Cr(VI) for three sequential 24-hour periods, each separated by about a month. After each treatment, cells were seeded at colony-forming density, cloned, expanded, and retreated, creating three generations of clonal cell lines. Each generation of clones was tested for chromium sensitivity, chromosome complement, DNA repair capacity, centrosome amplification, and the ability to grow in soft agar. After the first treatment, Cr(VI)-treated clones exhibited a normal chromosome complement, but some clones showed a repair-deficient phenotype and amplified centrosomes. After the second exposure, more than half of the treated clones acquired an abnormal karyotype including numerical and structural alterations, with many exhibiting deficient DNA double-strand break repair and amplified centrosomes. The third treatment produced new abnormal clones, with previously abnormal clones acquiring additional abnormalities and most clones exhibiting repair deficiency. CIN, repair deficiency, and amplified centrosomes were all permanent and heritable phenotypes of repeated Cr(VI) exposure. These outcomes support the hypothesis that CIN is a key mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. Chromium, a major public health concern and human lung carcinogen, causes fundamental changes in chromosomes and DNA repair in human lung cells. .

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072558PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0531DOI Listing

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