Rho GTPases belong to Ras superfamily, which is reported to involve in cell migration, phagocytosis, contraction and adhesion. ROCK (also known as Rho-associated kinase) is considered to be one of the most important downstream targets of Rho that is widely investigated. Rho/ROCK signal pathway induces cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration and stress fiber formation, affects endothelial permeability, tissue constriction and growth, involves in diabetic nephropathy, eye disease, cancer, heart disease, nerve injury disease, hypertension, radiation injury and leukemia. As a novel drug research target, Rho/ROCK signal pathway has received more and more attention. This review provides the basic characteristics and physiological effects of Rho/ROCK signal pathway, the relationships between Rho/ROCK signal pathway and diseases, and the therapeutic methods based on the Rho/ROCK signal pathway.
Background: Bortezomib (BTZ), a selective 26 S proteasome inhibitor, is clinically useful in treating multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. BTZ exerts its antitumor effect by suppressing nuclear factor-B in myeloma cells, promoting endothelial cell apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Despite its success, pulmonary complications, such as capillary leak syndrome of the vascular hyperpermeability type, were reported prior to its approval.
Purpose: The axon guidance factors and Rho/ROCK pathway play crucial roles in axon protection and nerve repair and has been implicated in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study investigates the protective effects of quercetin against DPN, focusing on axon guidance factors and Rho/ROCK pathway.
Methods: DPN was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to Sprague-Dawley rats.
- The study investigates how certain mutations in the p53 protein can lead to increased cancer cell invasion, contradicting previous views on mutant p53's role in cancer progression.
- Researchers found that mutant p53 enhances the ability of cancer cells to invade their surroundings by modulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and affecting the organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM).
- The findings suggest that the invasive effects of mutant p53 are influenced not just by the cells themselves but also by the mechanical properties of the ECM, highlighting the complex interactions during cancer metastasis.
MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Hyperuricemia is often linked to metabolic issues and has been associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, prompting the exploration of treatments like WN1703 that inhibit xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR).
- In a study using chronic hyperuricemia rats, researchers compared WN1703 to febuxostat and measured various cardiovascular biomarkers to assess the treatments' safety and impact on inflammation and oxidative stress.
- While both treatments did not cause direct heart damage, they may increase cardiovascular risk through alterations in key signaling pathways, providing new insights into the potential side effects of XOR inhibitors.
Patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) have high tumor mutation burden and tumor immunogenicity, exhibiting a higher response rate to immunotherapy and better survival. However, a portion of MSI-H CRC patients still experience adverse disease outcomes. We aimed to identify the tumor-autonomous regulators determining these heterogeneous clinical outcomes.
