[The efficacy of sublingual specific immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis].

To investigate the efficacy of single-allergen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in children with allergic rhinitis and the potential relationship between sensitization status and efficacy and analyze the possible relationships between sensitized state and clinical efficacy. One hundred and thirty children, aged 4-15 years old, with mites-induced respiratory allergic diseases had been arranged into the treatment group (=70) or control group (=50) and received SLIT with standardized dermatophagoides farinae extracts and pharmacotherapy for 1 year. Rhinitis and asthma symptoms and medications, visual analogue scale (VAS), skin prick test (SPT) and peak expiratory flows (PEF) were evaluated. After treatment, patients in the poly-sensitized group who completed the study had been analyzed as subgroup 1 (=33) and subgroup 2 (=37) according to the number of coexist allergens. The global clinical parameters had been significantly improved after treatment. The treatment and control group rhinitis symptom score, symptomatic medication score and VAS scores were significantly reduced after 52 weeks treatment (all <0.05). SLIT group dust mite grade skin reactions decreased after 52 weeks treatment (<0.05). Dust mite skin reactions grade was greater than before treatment in the control group (>0.05). Between the two groups, SLIT group rhinitis symptom score at 24 weeks, 36 weeks, 52 weeks were lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (<0.05). SLIT group symptomatic medication score and VAS scores at 36 weeks and 52 weeks compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (<0.05). Dust mite SLIT group grade skin reactions grade was lower than the control group at 52 weeks, the difference was statistically significant (<0.05). In addition to the 36 weeks poly-sensitized group symptoms of allergic rhinitis score was lower than mono-sensitized group (P＜0.05) and at 24 weeks poly-sensitized group VAS score was lower than single allergy group (<0.05), the comparison between subgroup 1 and subgroup 2 indicated that, there was no significant difference in symptoms scores, SPT, PEF and VAS at each scheduled follow-up visit. This study shows that SLIT can significantly reduce rhinitis symptoms and drug use, and improve the children with allergies. An equivalent efficacy of single-allergen SLIT is found in poly-sensitized and mono-sensitized children. The number of coexist positive allergens has a limited impact on the efficacy from a long-term perspective.