Studies of reptiles have contributed greatly to understanding the impacts of developmental environments on offspring phenotypes. A major challenge for these studies, however, is quantifying the effects of embryonic environments on adult phenotypes and reproductive success. Such measurements may be necessary to gain full insight into the evolution of plasticity, as well as the long-term consequences of plasticity under environmental change. Unfortunately, most studies of reptile developmental plasticity only measure phenotypic traits of offspring at hatching, and rarely evaluate effects on subsequent adult phenotypes. This lack of information highlights a major gap in this active field. In this review, we first discuss conceptual issues regarding the ecology and evolution of plasticity to provide justification for long-term studies necessary to measure adult phenotypes. Second, we review case studies of reptiles that assessed the effects of developmental environments on adult phenotypes and/or reproduction, and we highlight the valuable insights that they provide. Importantly, we illustrate that terminating studies during early-life stages can lead to incomplete or even misleading interpretations. Third, we discuss the pros and cons of different experimental approaches for quantifying long-term effects of developmental environments. Overall, devoted long-term studies on taxa with diverse ecologies and life histories will provide major advances in the field of developmental plasticity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.2187 | DOI Listing |
Cell Biosci
January 2025
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) presents diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific symptoms and variability in diagnostic methods. This study evaluates physician concordance in TBM diagnosis and phenotyping using chest computed tomography (CT) scans with dynamic expiratory views. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at Mayo Clinic Rochester, analyzing 150 patients with dynamic expiratory CT scans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Prev Alzheimers Dis
February 2025
The ADNI is detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.
Background: α-Synuclein (α-Syn) pathology is present in 30-50 % of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and its interactions with tau proteins may further exacerbate pathological changes in AD. However, the specific role of different aggregation forms of α-Syn in the progression of AD remains unclear.
Objectives: To explore the relationship between various aggregation types of CSF α-Syn and Alzheimer's disease progression.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
January 2025
Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Fish are ectothermic animals with temperature playing a key role in their health, growth and survival. Greater occurrence of heat waves and temperature extremes, as a result of global climate change, has the potential to impact both wild and farmed populations. Within aquaculture, production is threatened by a multitude of stressors, including adverse temperatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDermatol Ther (Heidelb)
January 2025
Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100, Latina, Italy.
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus and a relapsing course, affecting approximately 25% of children and 4-7% of adults. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life impact of tralokinumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-13 (IL-13), in treating moderate-to-severe AD in a real-world setting, with a focus on different AD phenotypes.
Methods: An observational cohort of 30 adults treated with tralokinumab for ≥ 16 weeks was analyzed.
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