The number of publications on photocatalytic bismuth vanadate-based materials is constantly increasing. Indeed, bismuth vanadate is gaining stronger interest in the photochemical community since it is a solar-driven photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of BiVO-based photocatalyst under sunlight is questionable: in most of the studies investigating the photodegradation of organic pollutants, only few works identify the by-products and evaluate the real efficiency of BiVO-based materials. This short review aims to (i) present briefly the principles of photocatalysis and define the photocatalytic efficiency and (ii) discuss the formation of reactive species involved in the photocatalytic degradation process of pollutants and thus the corresponding photodegradation mechanism could be determined. All these points are developed in a comprehensive discussion by focusing especially on pure, doped, and composite BiVO. Therefore, this review exhibits a critical overview on different BiVO-based photocatalytic systems with their real efficiency. This is a necessary knowledge for potential implementation of BiVO materials in environmental applications at larger scale than laboratory conditions.
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Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan; College of Engineering & Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. Electronic address:
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Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Electronic address:
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Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University of Castellón, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address:
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Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Conversion of sunlight to chemical energy based on photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes has been considered as a promising strategy for solar energy harvesting. Here, we propose a novel platform that converts solar energy into sodium (Na) as a solid-state solar fuel via the PEC oxidation of natural seawater, for which a Na ion-selective ceramic membrane is employed together with photoelectrode (PE)-photovoltaic (PV) tandem cell. Using an elaborately modified bismuth vanadate-based PE in tandem with crystalline silicon PV, we demonstrate unassisted solar-to-Na conversion (equivalent to solar charge of seawater battery) with an unprecedentedly high efficiency of 8% (expected operating point under 1 sun) and measured operation efficiency of 5.
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