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Enigmatic Nodal and Lefty gene repertoire discrepancy: Latent evolutionary history revealed by vertebrate-wide phylogeny.
Dev Dyn
April 2024
Molecular Life History Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.
Homology in vertebrate body plans is traditionally ascribed to the high-level conservation of regulatory components within the genetic programs governing them, particularly during the "phylotypic stage." However, advancements in embryology and molecular phylogeny have unveiled the dynamic nature of gene repertoires responsible for early development. Notably, the Nodal and Lefty genes, members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily producing intercellular signaling molecules and crucial for left-right (L-R) symmetry breaking, exhibit distinctive features within their gene repertoires.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe fossil record of appendicular muscle evolution in Synapsida on the line to mammals: Part I-Forelimb.
Anat Rec (Hoboken)
May 2024
Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Article Synopsis
- This paper is part one of a two-part series examining the evolution of forelimb muscles in mammals, using fossil evidence from extinct synapsids.
- It aims to improve our understanding of how forelimb muscular anatomy has changed from synapsids to modern mammals, influencing the diversity of forelimb functions we see today.
- The study includes a comprehensive analysis of muscle attachments across various extinct and extant species within a phylogenetic framework, revealing a complex, nonlinear evolutionary history characterized by convergence and significant anatomical transformations.
Wide-scale identification of novel/eliminated genes responsible for evolutionary transformations.
Biol Direct
August 2023
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 117997.
Background: It is generally accepted that most evolutionary transformations at the phenotype level are associated either with rearrangements of genomic regulatory elements, which control the activity of gene networks, or with changes in the amino acid contents of proteins. Recently, evidence has accumulated that significant evolutionary transformations could also be associated with the loss/emergence of whole genes. The targeted identification of such genes is a challenging problem for both bioinformatics and evo-devo research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopmental origin of the mammalian premaxilla.
Dev Biol
November 2023
Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States. Electronic address:
The evolution of jaws has played a major role in the success of vertebrate expansion into a wide variety of ecological niches. A fundamental, yet unresolved, question in craniofacial biology is about the origin of the premaxilla, the most distal bone present in the upper jaw of all amniotes. Recent reports have suggested that the mammalian premaxilla is derived from embryonic maxillary prominences rather than the frontonasal ectomesenchyme as previously shown in studies of chicken embryos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentification of a new Kir6 potassium channel and comparison of properties of Kir6 subtypes by structural modelling and molecular dynamics.
Int J Biol Macromol
August 2023
Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland. Electronic address:
ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels (KATP) are transmembrane proteins that modulate insulin release and muscle contraction. KATP channels are composed of two types of subunit, Kir6 and SUR, which exist in two and three isoforms respectively with different tissue distribution. In this work, we identify a previously undescribed ancestral vertebrate gene encoding a Kir6-related protein that we have named Kir6.
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