We have performed simulations and analytic calculations that show strong carrier-envelope phase dependence in the ionization of hydrogen atoms using intense sub-cycle sub-femtosecond laser pulses. When the pulse width is comparable to the classical orbit time of the initial bound state, sine-like pulses can ionize more than cosine-like pulses that have the same fluence. This result is the opposite of what is expected from a tunneling-like model, where the ionization probability primarily depends on the peak amplitude of the electric field during the pulse.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.002583 | DOI Listing |
The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a surprising population of bright galaxies in the very early Universe (≲500 Myr after the Big Bang) that is hard to explain with conventional galaxy-formation models and whose physical properties are not fully understood. Insight into their internal physics is best captured through nebular lines, but at these early epochs, the brightest of these spectral features are redshifted into the mid-infrared and remain elusive. Using the mid-infrared instrument onboard the James Webb Space Telescope, here we present a detection of Hα and doubly ionized oxygen ([O iii] 4959,5007 Å) from the bright, ultra-high-redshift galaxy candidate GHZ2/GLASS-z12.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
UdA-TechLab, Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) patients are still to date very poor, and the application of innovative clinical approaches are urgently needed. Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) are partially ionized gases that have shown anti-tumor effectiveness over a wide range of cancer types with potential application into clinics. However, the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying indirect CAP effects plays a key role for the prediction of treatment outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPNAS Nexus
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA.
Natural products are ligands and in vitro inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tau. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) bears chemical similarity to known natural product tau inhibitors. Despite having signature polyphenolic character, DHM is ostensibly hydrophobic owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that shield hydrophilic phenols.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
February 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China. Electronic address:
Ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) are widely used as sterilizing agents in the food industry. However, their residues in food packaging can migrate into food and react with it, affecting the accuracy of residue detection in food. This study aims to explore the reaction mechanisms between EO and PO and aqueous food simulants using both experimental and computational methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Biomed Anal
January 2025
Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environmental, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, Teramo 64100, Italy. Electronic address:
Oxidative stress (OS) arises mainly from exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. These molecules can cause significant damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids, leading to various diseases. Cells fight ROS with detoxifying enzymes; however, an imbalance can cause damage leading to ischemic conditions, heart disease progression, and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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