In order to increase the biocompatibility and bioactivity of chitosan, hydroxyapatite was in situ combined into the spin-coated chitosan layer on the titanium substrate by incubating in modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF). The calcium phosphate/chitosan (CaP/CS) composite prepared in m-SBF showed a homogeneous distribution of spherical nano-clusters. The hydrophilicity of the coatings was increased by performing NaOH post-treatment of CaP/CS composites, which also affected apatite formation. Biocompatibility of the coatings was assessed by investigating the cellular response of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell adhesion and osteogenic properties of the mesoporous CaP/CS composite were evaluated by SEM and ALPase assay, respectively. This in vitro study showed improved cell adhesion and differentiation on nanostructured CaP/CS composites. These results indicate that this CaP/CS composite could be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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