Crystals of 4-aminobenzonitrile grown by sublimation undergo reversible thermosalient phase changes during cooling and subsequent heating. Single-crystal diffraction studies have been carried out at 20 K intervals during cooling from 300 to 100 K in order to explain the structural change that occurs.
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Solid-state thermoelastic behavior-a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change and phase transition in a solid-state compound-is rare in organic crystals, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. Comparable to thermosalience, wherein crystal phase changes induce energetic jumping, thermomorphism produces physical work via consistent and near-instantaneous predictable directional force. In this work, we show a fully reversible thermomorphic actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than 200 cycles at near-ambient temperature.
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J Am Chem Soc
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Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.
Thermally responsive crystals hold great potential for their use as actuating materials by acting as energy transducers to convert heat energy to mechanical work. Control over defined phase transition temperature with rapid reconfiguration is of great advantage for actuation. The thermosalient (TS) effect is a rarely observed phenomenon in coordination polymers (CPs), let alone the reversibility of thermosalience in CPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThermosalience in Macrocycle-Based Soft Crystals via Anisotropic Deformation of Disilanyl Architecture.
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Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
We describe here the preparation of soft crystals using disilanyl macrocycle possessing four -phenylenes circularly connected by four flexible disilane bonds. Single crystals of exhibited a reversible thermal single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) phase transition behavior between two crystal phases accompanied by remarkable mechanical motion (thermosalient effect), as revealed by thermal analyses and X-ray diffraction measurements. Detailed structural analyses implied that flexibility of the parallelogram disilanyl architecture and molecular packing mode via weak intermolecular interactions facilitated a concerted structural transformation (parallel crank motion) of macrocycles in the crystal, thus resulting in the SCSC phase transition accompanied by anisotropic shrinking/elongation of the cells to induce the thermosalient effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReversible thermosalience of 4-aminobenzonitrile.
Chem Commun (Camb)
June 2018
Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
Crystals of 4-aminobenzonitrile grown by sublimation undergo reversible thermosalient phase changes during cooling and subsequent heating. Single-crystal diffraction studies have been carried out at 20 K intervals during cooling from 300 to 100 K in order to explain the structural change that occurs.
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