Differential Expression of Mitochondrial in Exposed to Silver Nitrate and Silver Nanoparticles.

The increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) may have negative impacts on both organisms and the environment. The differential expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase () gene in wheat in response to silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AgNO was investigated. A quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR experiment was carried out with gene using RNAs isolated from wheat shoots treated for 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h with 100 mg.L of either AgNO or AgNPs. The results of this study showed that both treatments cause changes in the expression pattern of the MnSOD gene. While 2 and 6 h following the beginning of the stress, expression was up-regulated significantly, in response to AgNO (1.4 and 2.8 fold, respectively), in response to AgNPs, it was up-regulated significant only after 6 h (1.6 fold), compared with the control. The gene expression, after 12 h in response to AgNO and AgNPs were downregulated significantly (0.7 and 0.8 fold, respectively), and in the next 12 h , the expression appeared to be similar to the control. Exposure to both AgNPs and Ag ions led to a significant increase in expression, but AgNO changed the expression faster than AgNPs. Therefore, it is suggested that AgNO has greater penetrability and effectiveness.