Nephritic factors are a relatively recent addition to the growing list of autoantibodies. C3NeF was the first of these to be described and acts by stabilizing the alternative pathway C3/C5 convertase. IgG and IgM C3NeF as well as anti-idiotypic antibody to C3NeF, may be found in normal individuals at all ages. In addition, internal image anti-idiotypic antibody can also be demonstrated in patients with glomerulonephritis. Thus, C3NeF appears to fulfill all of the criteria for being a product of normal B-cell function. The potential dysregulation of this process and the role of C3NeF in glomerulonephritis remains theoretical at best.
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