Risk Analysis Based on the Timing of Tracheostomy Procedures in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Requiring Cervical Spine Surgery.

Objective: To determine the optimal moment to perform tracheostomy in a patient requiring anterior cervical fixation.

Methods: A retrospective observational study conducted over an 18-year period included 56 patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit with acute spinal cord injury and underwent tracheostomy and surgical fixation. The sample was divided into 2 groups: at-risk group (31 patients who had undergone tracheostomy before cervical surgery or <4 days after surgery) and not-at-risk group (25 patients who had undergone tracheostomy >4 days after fixation surgery). Descriptive and comparative studies were carried out. Overall trend of the collected data was analyzed using cubic splines (graphic methods).

Results: The only infectious complications diagnosed as related to the surgical procedure were infection of the surgical wound in 2 patients in the not-at-risk group (12%) and deep tissue infection in 1 patient in the at-risk group (3.2%). During the study period, we identified a tendency toward performance of early tracheostomies.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the presence of a tracheostomy stoma before or immediately after surgery is associated with a low risk of infection of the cervical surgical wound in instrumented spinal fusion.