Tne cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is a laboratory rodent used for studying human infectious diseases. However, a lack of suitable anesthetic agents inconveniences the use of cotton rats in surgical manipulation. This study demonstrated that subcutaneous injection of the mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol (0.15, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively), which is a suitable anesthetic agents for mice and rats, produced an anesthetic duration of more than 50 min in cotton rats. We also demonstrated that 0.15 mg/kg of atipamezole, an antagonist of medetomidine, produced a quick recovery from anesthesia in cotton rats. This indicated that the anesthetic mixture of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol, functioned as a useful and effective anesthetic for short-term surgery in cotton rats.
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