AI Article Synopsis
- Posttubercular constrictive pericarditis is common in developing countries, where pericardiectomy is the preferred treatment despite high risks.
- Over 130 patients had the surgery over a decade, mostly young males with severe symptoms, and most were linked to tuberculosis.
- Post-surgery outcomes showed an improvement in heart function for many patients, but identified low ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation as significant factors affecting surgery success.
Article Abstract
Background: Posttubercular constrictive pericarditis is prevalent pericardial disease in developing countries. Pericardiectomy is the treatment of choice but considered a procedure of high morbidity and mortality.
Methods: From January 2003 to December 2013 we performed 130 pericardiectomies. The patients' mean age was 22.95 ± 12.55 years, and there were 92 (71%) male patients. All patients were symptomatic; 118 (91%) were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. Almost all patients were diagnosed to be of tubercular origin: 14 (11%) were histopathologically proven, 77 (59%) had definitive history, 39 (30%) were suspected to be of tubercular origin, and 91 (70%) received prior antitubercular treatment.
Results: Anterior pericardiectomy was done without the use but with provision for cardiopulmonary bypass, which was required in 5 (3.8%) patients for repair of tear in right atrium. Following pericardiectomy central venous pressure dropped from 20.9 to 10.8 mm Hg. Early mortality was 10 (7.69%). Prolonged ventilation was required in 22 (16.92%) patients, 31 (23.84%) developed renal dysfunction, and there were 3 (3.12%) cases of new-onset atrial fibrillation. On analysis of univariate predictors for early mortality, low ejection fraction (p < 0.001) and preoperative atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001) were found to be significant. In a follow-up of 12 months, 85% patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II with mean ejection fraction of 52%. There was no recurrence of constriction from residual pericardium on 1-year follow-up.
Conclusions: Anterior pericardiectomy is sufficient in patients with constrictive pericarditis of infective etiology. Preoperative low ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, poor functional class, and constrictive effusive pericarditis results in poor surgical outcome.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.04.048 | DOI Listing |
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