For the pairwise interactions, the evolution of individual behavior should involve two major factors: one is what you will do in an interaction with a given opponent, and another is what type of opponents you prefer to interact with. In this study, we developed a two-phenotype iterated bimatrix replicator dynamics model based on individuals' own volition, where, different from the classic iterated game model, we assume that (i) for all interaction pairs, the maximum expected interaction time is same and it is limited even if two individuals in an interaction pair would like to keep their interaction; and (ii) all individuals are able to unilaterally break off the interactions with their opponents according to their own volition. Therefore, we define that, at any time t, an interaction pair will be disbanded with a given probability and the new interaction pairs will be randomly formed. The main results show that: (i) the existence of locally asymmetrically stable interior equilibrium is possible; and (ii) the evolutionary stability of the system is similar to the classic asymmetric evolutionary game. These results may provide a new insight for revealing the evolutionary significance of asymmetric game dynamics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.05.012 | DOI Listing |
Naturwissenschaften
January 2025
Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
While most dentate non-mammalian vertebrates possess simple conical teeth, some demonstrate complex tooth shapes. Lake Malawi cichlid fishes are an extreme example of this, exhibiting a myriad of tooth shapes driven by an ecologically derived rapid evolution of closely related but distinct species. Tooth shape in mammals is generally considered to be established by signaling centers called primary and secondary enamel knots, which are not believed to be present in non-mammalian vertebrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
The genome composition of intermediate wheatgrass (IWG; (Host) Barkworth and D.R. Dewey; 2n = 6x = 42) is complex and remains to be a subject of ongoing investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Ecol Evol
January 2025
Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, NIMH IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Sex chromosomes are a fundamental aspect of sex-biased biology, but the extent to which homologous X-Y gene pairs ('the gametologs') contribute to sex-biased phenotypes remains hotly debated. Although these genes tend to exhibit large sex differences in expression throughout the body (XX females can express both X members, and XY males can express one X and one Y member), there is conflicting evidence regarding the degree of functional divergence between the X and Y members. Here we develop and apply co-expression fingerprint analysis to characterize functional divergence between the X and Y members of 17 gametolog gene pairs across >40 human tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Dev Biol
January 2025
Departments of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
As the simplest free-living animal, (Placozoa) is emerging as a powerful paradigm to decipher molecular and cellular bases of behavior, enabling integrative studies at all levels of biological organization in the context of metazoan evolution and parallel origins of neural organization. However, the progress in this direction also depends on the ability to maintain a long-term culture of placozoans. Here, we report the dynamic of cultures over 11 years of observations from a starting clonal line, including 7 years of culturing under antibiotic (ampicillin) treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnder an adaptive hypothesis, the reciprocal influence between mutualistic plants and frugivores is expected to result in suites of matching frugivore and plant traits that structure fruit consumption. Recent work has suggested fruit traits can represent adaptations to broad groups of functionally similar frugivores, but the role of frugivore traits and within-species variation in structuring fruit consumption is less understood. To address these knowledge gaps, we assess the presence of reciprocal trait matching for the mutualistic ecological network comprising of bats that feed on and disperse seeds.
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