To evaluate the effect of right lateral positioning in comparison with supine positioning on tracheal aspirate pepsin levels as a marker of aspiration of gastric contents in ventilated preterm neonates. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 ventilated preterm neonates <35 weeks; 30 neonates were nursed in right lateral position for 6 hours while the other 30 neonates were nursed in supine position for 6 hours. Tracheal aspirate sample was obtained from each neonate in both the groups just after the end of 6 hours and pepsin level was measured. Neonates in right lateral position group had significantly lower tracheal pepsin level than neonates in supine position group (6 ng/ml) interquartile range [IQR] (3-20) versus 15 ng/ml [IQR] (5.5-90) ( .024). There is positive correlation between tracheal aspirate pepsin level and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) needed during the intervention ( = 0.383, = .040). There is no correlation between tracheal pepsin level and gestational age, birth weight, or duration of mechanical ventilation and other ventilatory settings. Nursing ventilated premature infants in right lateral position is associated with decreased aspiration of gastric contents.
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