ClpA and HtpX Proteases Are Involved in Intrinsic Aminoglycoside Resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Are Potential Aminoglycoside Adjuvant Targets.

The linkage of the protease-chaperon system, SmeYZ pump, and aminoglycoside resistance was assessed in The , , , and genes were upregulated in response to kanamycin exposure. Of these, and were the primary determinants responsible for intrinsic aminoglycoside (AG) resistance. Inactivation of and compromised protease-mediated intrinsic aminoglycoside resistance and weakened SmeYZ pump-mediated aminoglycoside resistance, signifying HtpX and ClpA as potential AG adjuvant targets for treatment of infections.