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2'-Fucosyllactose inhibits human norovirus replication in human intestinal enteroids.
J Virol
January 2025
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Unlabelled: Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Currently, there are no targeted antivirals for the treatment of HuNoV infection. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on the intestinal epithelium are cellular attachment factors for HuNoVs; molecules that block the binding of HuNoVs to HBGAs thus have the potential to be developed as antivirals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Association with Bacteria and Bacterial Cell Components Enhance Virus Infectivity.
Food Environ Virol
January 2025
Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 1371 West Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA.
The transmission and infection of enteric viruses can be influenced by co-existing bacteria within the environment and host. However, the viral binding ligands on bacteria and the underlying interaction mechanisms remain unclear. This study characterized the association of norovirus surrogate Tulane virus (TuV) and murine norovirus (MNV) as well as the human enteric virus Aichi virus (AiV) with six bacteria strains (Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Exiguobacterium sibiricum, Pseudomonas spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment and application of a quadruple RT-qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of NoV GI, NoV GII, and HAV in bivalve shellfish.
Appl Environ Microbiol
December 2024
School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
To achieve rapid and simultaneous detection of NoV GI, NoV GII, and HAV, a quadruple real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was developed using MS2 bacteriophage as a process control virus. The quadruple RT-qPCR assay effectively detected NoV GI, NoV GII, HAV, and MS2 RNA with detection limits of 10 copies/μL, 10 copies/μL, 10 copies/μL, and 10 copies/μL, respectively, within 1 hour 50 minutes. The quadruple RT-qPCR assay could specifically detect NoV GI, NoV GII, HAV, and MS2 without cross-reactions with other common pathogens, demonstrating good reproducibility with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation all below 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcidic polysaccharide from the edible insect Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis activates antiviral immunity to suppress norovirus infection.
Carbohydr Polym
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Edible insects are gaining attention as potential nutraceutical sources with immunomodulatory properties. This study reports purification and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (PBSL) with antiviral activity against murine norovirus. Four polysaccharide fractions purified from PBSL water extracts exhibited varying molecular weights (458.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatterns of the within-host evolution of human norovirus in immunocompromised individuals and implications for treatment.
EBioMedicine
November 2024
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- There is currently no licensed treatment for chronic norovirus infections, but immunoglobulin therapy shows promise despite varied results and limited understanding of the link between norovirus genetic diversity and treatment success.
- Researchers studied norovirus diversity in 20 immunocompromised patients using advanced genetic sequencing techniques, revealing rapid evolution of the virus, particularly in a crucial gene region (VP1) associated with immune response.
- Notably, within these patients, the virus produced diverse subpopulations that often resisted antibodies, leading to treatment failures, and suggested that low immunity levels in immunocompromised hosts significantly affect antiviral effectiveness.
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