In June 2017, an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 infection with phage type 21/28 and identical genotypic profiles involving three children from Staffordshire was reported. Two cases developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Person-to-person transmission via a shared inflatable home paddling pool was the most likely route of infection, following contamination by the first case. The source of infection in the first case was not identified. We recommend that individuals experiencing gastroenteritis should not bathe in paddling pools and that water should be changed at frequent intervals throughout the day to minimise the spread of infection.
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Outcomes in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy associated with a trigger following plasma exchange: A systematic literature review.
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Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, 121 Seaport Blvd, Boston, MA 02210, USA. Electronic address:
Plasma exchange (PE) outcomes in patients with trigger-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) have not been comprehensively reviewed. Embase and MEDLINE® were searched on 03/14/2022 for English language articles published after 2007, alongside a congress materials search (2019-2022; PROSPERO: CRD42022325170). Studies with patients with trigger-associated TMA (excluding thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 'typical' hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, post-partum TMA, and TMAs with known genetic cause) who received PE or plasma infusion (PI) and reported treatment response (including measures), safety, patient-/caregiver-reported outcomes, or economic burden data were examined.
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Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) refers to a group of bacteria that can cause infections, which are common worldwide and pose a serious public health problem, as they can lead to conditions such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS is a disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Determination of serogroups and toxin profiles of STEC is important for estimating their disease-causing potential and predicting epidemiological changes.
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Primary Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Pediatric Patients.
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Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
. Primary thrombotic microangiopathy includes hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing , atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. .
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