Adhesively bonded polypyrrole thin films doped with benzene sulfonic acid (BSA) were electrodeposited on aminobenzenediazonium-modified flexible ITO electrodes and further employed for the detection of Pb, Cu, and Cd metal ions in aqueous medium. The aminophenyl (AP) adhesive layer was grafted to ITO by electroreduction of the in situ generated parent diazonium compound. Polypyrrole (PPy) thin films exhibited remarkable adhesion to aminophenyl (ITO-AP). The strongly adherent polypyrrole films exhibited excellent electroactivity in the doped state with BSA which itself served to chelate the metal ions in aqueous medium. The surface of the resulting, modified flexible electrode was characterized by XPS, SEM, and electrochemical methods. The ITO-AP-PPy electrodes were then used for the simultaneous detection of Cu, Cd, and Pb by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The detection limits were 11.1, 8.95, and 0.99 nM for Cu, Cd, and Pb, respectively. In addition, the modified electrodes displayed a good reproducibility, making them suitable for the determination of heavy metals in real wastewater samples.
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J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Government First Grade College Chamarajanagar (Affiliated to Chamarajanagar University), Chamarajanagar, Karnataka, India.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Technol
January 2025
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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