Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ) biosynthesis and its regulation have recently been attracting markedly increasing interest. Aging is marked by a systemic decrease in NAD across multiple tissues. The dysfunction of NAD biosynthesis plays a critical role in the pathophysiologies of multiple diseases, including age-associated metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental disorders. As downstream effectors, NAD -dependent enzymes, such as sirtuins, are involved in the progression of such disorders. These recent studies implicate NAD biosynthesis as a potential target for preventing and treating age-associated diseases. Indeed, new studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of supplementing NAD intermediates, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, providing a proof of concept for the development of an effective anti-aging intervention.
Background: Biocatalysis offers a potentially greener alternative to chemical processes. For biocatalytic systems requiring cofactor recycling, hydrogen emerges as an attractive reducing agent. Hydrogen is attractive because all the electrons can be fully transferred to the product, and it can be efficiently produced from water using renewable electricity.
Background And Objective: Mitochondria are important organelles functioning in metabolic processes, inflammatory response and neurological disorders. Migraines are chronic and paroxysmal neurological disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headache and other neurological symptoms. We explored whether mitochondria may be genetically and/or causally associated with migraine.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential regulator of cellular metabolism and redox processes. NAD levels and the dynamics of NAD metabolism change with increasing age but can be modulated via the diet or medication. Because NAD metabolism is complex and its regulation still insufficiently understood, achieving specific outcomes without perturbing delicate balances through targeted pharmacological interventions remains challenging.
Aims: NAD deficiency underlies obesity-induced metabolic disturbances. This study evaluated dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH), a potent NAD enhancer, in lean and obese mice and explored whether NRH operates through a unique mechanism involving adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme critical for NRH-driven NAD synthesis.
Methods: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed following a single 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of NRH in healthy mice.
Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
When B cells engage in an immune response, metabolic reprogramming is key to meeting cellular energetic and biosynthetic demands. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly prevalent gamma-herpesvirus, latently infecting B cells for the human host's lifetime. By hijacking signaling pathways of T cell-dependent humoral immunity, EBV activates B cells in a T cell-independent manner, forcing lymphoblastoid transformation.
