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Factors behind poor cognitive outcome following a thalamic stroke.
J Neurol
January 2025
Brain and Cognition Research Center, (CerCo-UMR 5549), CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Background: Thalamic strokes produce neurological, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms depending on the thalamic nuclei involved. While traditionally associated with severe cognitive deficits, recent studies suggest more modest impairments. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the severity of cognitive impairment following thalamic stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn insight from the default mode network in patients with amnesia following left thalamic infarction involving the mediodorsal nucleus and mammillothalamic tract.
Cortex
December 2024
Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.
The role of the medial part of the thalamus, and in particular the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) and the mammillothalamic tract (MTT), in memory has long been studied, but their contribution remains unclear. While the main functional hypothesis regarding the MTT focuses on memory, some authors postulate that the MD plays a supervisory executive role (indirectly affecting memory retrieval) due to its dense structural connectivity with the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Recently, it has been proposed that the MD, MTT and PFC form part of the DMN the default mode network (DMN).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultimodal Approach for the Treatment of Complex Hypothalamic Hamartomas.
Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg
April 2024
Unit for Epilepsy Surgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are rare congenital lesions formed by heterotopic neuronal and glial cells attached to the mammillary bodies, tuber cinereum, and hypothalamus.They often present with an intractable epilepsy typically characterized by gelastic seizures but commonly associated with other types of refractory seizures. The clinical course is progressive in most of the cases, starting with gelastic seizures in infancy and deteriorating into complex seizure disorders that result in catastrophic epilepsy associated with cognitive decline and behavioral disturbances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArterial spin labeling perfusion in acute Wernicke encephalopathy: a case series discussion.
BJR Case Rep
November 2023
Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California.
Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a life-threatening neurologic disorder resulting from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency that can be secondary to chronic alcohol abuse, gastrointestinal surgery, systemic infectious and non-infectious diseases, and chemotherapy. WE is classically characterized on MRI by reduced diffusion and T2 prolongation along the mammillothalamic tracts, periaqueductal gray and tectal plate. We present two patients with acute WE who had baseline arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion at the time of presentation, demonstrating increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) within the classically involved brain regions and concurrent global cerebral cortical hypoperfusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnterior thalamic nuclei neurons sustain memory.
Curr Res Neurobiol
September 2021
School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
A hippocampal-diencephalic-cortical network supports memory function. The anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) form a key anatomical hub within this system. Consistent with this, injury to the mammillary body-ATN axis is associated with examples of clinical amnesia.
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