The relationship between different settings of medical service and incident frailty.

Background: Some studies have reported a potential association between usual source of health care and disability, but no one has explored the association with frailty, a state of early and potential reversible disability. We therefore aimed to explore the association between older persons' self-reported usual source of health care at baseline and the onset of frailty.

Methods: Information regarding usual source of health care was captured through self-report and categorized as 1) private doctor's office, 2) public clinic, 3) Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), or 4) hospital clinic/emergency department (ED). Frailty was defined using the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture (SOF) index as the presence of at least two of the following criteria: (i) weight loss ≥5% between baseline and any subsequent follow-up visit; (ii) inability to do five chair stands; and (iii) low energy level according to the SOF definition. Multivariable Cox's regression analyses, calculating hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were undertaken.

Results: Of the 4292 participants (mean age: 61.3), 58.7% were female. During the 8-year follow-up, 348 subjects (8.1% of the baseline population) developed frailty. Cox's regression analysis, adjusting for 14 potential confounders showed that, compared to those using a private doctor's office, people using a public clinic for their care had a significantly higher risk of developing frailty (HR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.07-2.70), similar to those using HMO (HR = 1.48; 95%CI: 1.03-2.24) and those using a hospital/ED (HR = 1.76; 95%CI: 1.03-3.02).

Conclusion: Participants receiving health care from sources other than private doctors are at increased risk of frailty, highlighting the need for screening for frailty in these health settings.