An efficient ordered mesoporous molybdate-zirconium oxophosphate solid acid catalyst with homogeneously dispersed active sites: Synthesis, characterization and application.

Ordered mesoporous molybdate-zirconium oxophosphate (M-ZrPMo) solid acid catalysts with controllable molybdenum contents (0-20%) are designed and synthesized through a one-pot evaporation-induced self-assembly strategy. Afterwards, ordered mesostructure and molybdenum species in the materials are systematically researched by a variety of means. The results show that M-ZrPMo has highly ordered mesoporous structure with large specific surface area (∼200 m·g), big pore volume (∼0.30 cm·g) and pore size (∼6.5 nm). Additionally, ordered mesoporous structure of M-ZrPMo can be efficiently preserved even treated at 700 °C, presenting an outstanding thermal stability. Meanwhile, the molybdenum species are introduced as designed and homogeneously dispersed in mesoporous framework even at molybdenum content up to 20%. More importantly, the Brønsted and Lewis acidic properties of these materials are successfully enhanced with the introduction of molybdenum species. Meantime, the M-ZrPMo is employed as a solid acid catalyst for alkylation of aromatic compounds and esterification of levulinic acid with 1-butanol. The effect of molybdenum contents and calcination temperature on catalytic performance is thoroughly discussed. The excellent activity and reusability suggested that M-ZrPMo is a promising solid acid catalyst.