A consensus has been reached through previous studies that organic matter (OM) pores are crucial to porosity in many shale gas reservoirs; however, their origins and types remain controversial. Here, we report the OM pore types hosted in algae, bitumen, graptolite and other fossil fragments in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations of the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. Algae types mainly include multicellular algae, unicellular algae, etc. The OM pores in multicellular algae usually exhibit irregular, bubble-like, spherical and/or elliptical profiles, and their diameters vary between 300 and 800 nm. The shapes of the OM pores in unicellular algae are either irregular or oval, and the pores are hundreds of nanometres in size. The pores associated with solid bitumen are sporadic, isolated and variable in size, ranging from 500 nm to 3 μm. The pores in the graptolite, sponge spicule, radiolarian and other fossil fragments are much smaller and fewer. The pores may only have developed in the surface of the graptolite and bitumen by filling in the biological cavity of the sponge spicule. These new findings provide stronger evidence that multicellular algae are the main hydrocarbon generating organisms of OM pores development.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5934504 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25104-5 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Cell walls, a comparative view of the composition of cell surfaces of plants, algae and microorganisms.
J Exp Bot
December 2024
Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
While evolutionary studies indicate that the most ancient groups of organisms on Earth likely descended from a common wall-less ancestor, contemporary organisms lacking a carbohydrate-rich cell surface are exceedingly rare. By developing a cell wall to cover the plasma membrane, cells were able to withstand higher osmotic pressures, colonise new habitats and develop complex multicellular structures. This way, the cells of plants, algae and microorganisms are covered by a cell wall, which can generally be defined as a highly complex structure whose main framework is usually composed of carbohydrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvolutionary genomics of the emergence of brown algae as key components of coastal ecosystems.
Cell
November 2024
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, Integrative Biology of Marine Models Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Brown seaweeds are vital to coastal ecosystems, but they are threatened by climate change, prompting a detailed genetic study.
- The research traced the evolutionary history of brown algae, highlighting significant gene families and metabolic pathways related to their adaptation and functional diversity.
- Findings also indicated that the integration of large viral genomes has played a crucial role in shaping the genetics and traits of brown algal species over time.
Host-Parasite interaction between brown algae and eukaryote biotrophic pathogens.
Curr Res Microb Sci
October 2024
Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Brown algae belong to the class Phaeophyceae which are mainly multicellular, photosynthetic organisms, however they evolved independently from terrestrial plants, green and red algae. In the past years marine aquaculture involving brown algae has gained enormous momentum. In both natural environments and aquaculture, brown algae are susceptible to infection by various prokaryotic and eukaryotic parasites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructural Diversity and Distribution of Nuclear Matrix Constituent Protein Class Nuclear Lamina Proteins in Streptophytic Algae.
Genome Biol Evol
November 2024
Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Nuclear matrix constituent proteins in plants function like animal lamins, providing the structural foundation of the nuclear lamina and regulating nuclear organization and morphology. Although they are well characterized in angiosperms, the presence and structure of nuclear matrix constituent proteins in more distantly related species, such as streptophytic algae, are relatively unknown. The rapid evolution of nuclear matrix constituent proteins throughout the plant lineage has caused a divergence in protein sequence that makes similarity-based searches less effective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant ribosomes as a score to fathom the melody of 2'--methylation across evolution.
RNA Biol
January 2024
CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes (LGDP), UMR 5096, Perpignan, France.
Article Synopsis
- 2'--ribose methylation (2'--Me) is a widespread RNA modification found in ribosomal RNAs across different organisms, from bacteria to humans, that aids in RNA stability and conformation.
- The frequency of 2'--Me varies significantly among species, with bacteria having about 3-4 modification sites, while more complex organisms may have tens of sites.
- The process of adding 2'--Me involves site-specific RNA methyltransferases (RMTases), which can either be unique for certain sites or shared among various RNA guides, and the review focuses on recent findings related to rRNA 2'--Me in plants and its comparative analysis with simpler organisms.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!