Paracoccus fontiphilus sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater spring.

Strain MVW-1, isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan, was characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MVW-1 belongs to the genus Paracoccus and has the highest levels of sequence similarity to Paracoccus caeni MJ17 (97.6 %), Paracoccus sediminis CMB17 (97.4 %), Paracoccus angustae E6 (97.3 %) and Paracoccus acridae SCU-M53 (97.1 %). Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating, non-motile, rod-shaped and formed light orange-coloured colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 20-25 °C, pH 6-7, and in the presence of 0-3 % NaCl. The major fatty acid of strain MVW-1 was C18 : 1ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified phospholipids. The predominant polyamines were spermidine, putrescine and cadaverine. The only isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain MVW-1 was 63.4 mol%. Strain MVW-1 exhibited less than 35 % DNA-DNA relatedness to P. caeni MJ17, P. angustae E6, P. sediminis CMB17 and P. acridae SCU-M53. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties and phylogenetic inference, strain MVW-1 should be classified in a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus fontiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MVW-1 (=BCRC 80974=LMG 29554=KCTC 52239).